Just a techie blog http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com Just another blog Fri, 08 Jun 2007 04:35:46 +0000 en hourly 1 http://wordpress.com/ http://s2.wp.com/i/buttonw-com.png Just a techie blog http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com HACKING SITE- HACKING GAMES http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com/2007/06/07/hacking-site-hacking-games/ http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com/2007/06/07/hacking-site-hacking-games/#comments Fri, 08 Jun 2007 04:35:46 +0000 vigneshvgk http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com/2007/06/07/hacking-site-hacking-games/ ]]> www.hackthissite.com

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]]> http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com/2007/06/07/hacking-site-hacking-games/feed/ 2 vigneshvgk LEARN HTML BASICS HERE http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com/2007/05/19/learn-html-basics-here/ http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com/2007/05/19/learn-html-basics-here/#comments Sat, 19 May 2007 15:04:12 +0000 vigneshvgk http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com/2007/05/19/learn-html-basics-here/ ]]> HTML-Introduction

HTML is HyperText Markup Language. It is used for designing web pages. We can design only the front end of the web pages. The back end operations like form validation can be done by using a Scripting Language like JavaScript or VBScript.

Let us start with the basics of html.

Html is a tagged language. That is every syntax is in between the tags < and >. It is a non case sensitive language. We can code it in any normal text editor like NOTEPAD. The structure of html is

<html>
<head>
<title>…….</title>
</head>
<body>
………..
………..
</body>
</html>

the html coding starts with <html> tag and ends with</html> tag. The head section contains the information to be used in the HTML code…like TITLE which will be displayed in the title bar of the web browser and meta information which informs the search engines that which type of webpage is this and what are the contents available in this page etc… The contents inside the BODY will be displayed on your web page.

My first html code.

<html>
<head>
<title>myfirstcode</title>
</head>
<body>
this is my first html code!!! by OutLaws.
</body>
</html>

In the above code the title bar contains the title “myfirstcode” and in the web browser the page contains the line “this is my first html code!!! by OutLaws.”

A tag can contain some attributes in it. It is used to change the behaviour of that tag. for eg. consider the body tag.

<body bgcolor=”green”>

this will display the webpage with background color as Green.

Let us discuss briefly about the tags and their attributes in the upcoming chapters…

Basic HTML Tags

The most important tags in HTML are tags that define headings, paragraphs and line breaks. The best way to learn HTML is to work with examples.

Headings

Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the largest heading. <h6> defines the smallest heading.

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>
<h4>This is a heading</h4>
<h5>This is a heading</h5>
<h6>This is a heading</h6>

HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a heading.

Paragraphs

Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>

HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a paragraph.

Line Breaks

The <br> tag is used when you want to end a line, but don’t want to start a new paragraph. The <br> tag forces a line break wherever you place it.

<p>This <br> is a para<br>graph with line breaks</p>

The <br> tag is an empty tag. It has no closing tag.

Comments in HTML

The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the HTML source code. A comment will be ignored by the browser. You can use comments to explain your code, which can help you when you edit the source code at a later date.

<!-- This is a comment -->

Note that you need an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.

HTML Text Formatting

HTML defines a lot of elements for formatting output, like bold or italic text. Below are a lot of examples that you can try out yourself:

How to View HTML Source

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered “How do they do that?”

To find out, simply click on the VIEW option in your browsers toolbar and select SOURCE or PAGE SOURCE. This will open a window that shows you the actual HTML of the page.

Text Formatting Tags

Tag	Description
<b>	Defines bold text
<big>	Defines big text
<em>	Defines emphasized text
<i>	Defines italic text
<small>	Defines small text
<strong>	Defines strong text
<sub>	Defines subscripted text
<sup>	Defines superscripted text
<ins>	Defines inserted text
<del>	Defines deleted text
<s>	Deprecated. Use <del> instead
<strike>	Deprecated. Use <del> instead
<u>	Deprecated. Use styles instead

HTML Character Entities

Some characters like the < character, have a special meaning in HTML, and therefore cannot be used in the text.

To display a less than sign (<) in HTML, we have to use a character entity.

Character Entities

Some characters have a special meaning in HTML, like the less than sign (<) that defines the start of an HTML tag. If we want the browser to actually display these characters we must insert character entities in the HTML source.

A character entity has three parts: an ampersand (&), an entity name or a # and an entity number, and finally a semicolon (;).

To display a less than sign in an HTML document we must write: < or <

The advantage of using a name instead of a number is that a name is easier to remember. The disadvantage is that not all browsers support the newest entity names, while the support for entity numbers is very good in almost all browsers.

Note that the entities are case sensitive.

Non-breaking Space

The most common character entity in HTML is the non-breaking space.

Normally HTML will truncate spaces in your text. If you write 10 spaces in your text HTML will remove 9 of them. To add spaces to your text, use the   character entity.

The Most Common Character Entities:

Result	Description	Entity Name	Entity Number
	non-breaking space
<	less than	<	<
>	greater than	>	>
&	ampersand	&	&
“	quotation mark	"	"
‘	apostrophe	' (does not work in IE)	'

Some Other Commonly Used Character Entities:

Result	Description	Entity Name	Entity Number
¢	cent	¢	¢
£	pound	£	£
¥	yen	¥	¥
§	section	§	§
©	copyright	©	©
®	registered trademark	®	®
×	multiplication	×	×
÷	division	÷	÷

HTML Links

HTML uses a hyperlink to link to another document on the Web.

The Anchor Tag and the Href Attribute

HTML uses the <a> (anchor) tag to create a link to another document.

An anchor can point to any resource on the Web: an HTML page, an image, a sound file, a movie, etc.

The syntax of creating an anchor:

<a href="url">Text to be displayed</a>

The <a> tag is used to create an anchor to link from, the href attribute is used to address the document to link to, and the words between the open and close of the anchor tag will be displayed as a hyperlink.

This anchor defines a link to outlaws.t35.com

<a href="outlaws.t35.com">Visit OutLaws!</a>

The line above will look like this in a browser:

The Target Attribute

With the target attribute, you can define where the linked document will be opened.

The line below will open the document in a new browser window:

<a href="http://outlaws.t35.com/" target="_blank">Visit OutLaws!</a>

the possible targets are _blank,_top,_self,_parent.

The Anchor Tag and the Name Attribute

The name attribute is used to create a named anchor. When using named anchors we can create links that can jump directly into a specific section on a page, instead of letting the user scroll around to find what he/she is looking for.

Below is the syntax of a named anchor:

<a name="label">Text to be displayed</a>

The name attribute is used to create a named anchor. The name of the anchor can be any text you care to use.

The line below defines a named anchor:

<a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>

You should notice that a named anchor is not displayed in a special way.

To link directly to the “tips” section, add a # sign and the name of the anchor to the end of a URL, like this:

<a href="http://outlaws.com/html_links.html#tips">
Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>

A hyperlink to the Useful Tips Section from WITHIN the file “html_links.html” will look like this:

<a href="#tips">Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>

HTML Frames

With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser window. Each HTML document is called a frame, and each frame is independent of the others.

The disadvantages of using frames are:

The web developer must keep track of more HTML documents
It is difficult to print the entire page

The Frameset Tag

The <frameset> tag defines how to divide the window into frames
Each frameset defines a set of rows or columns
The values of the rows/columns indicate the amount of screen area each row/column will occupy

The Frame Tag

The <frame> tag defines what HTML document to put into each frame

In the example below we have a frameset with two columns. The first column is set to 25% of the width of the browser window. The second column is set to 75% of the width of the browser window. The HTML document “frame_a.htm” is put into the first column, and the HTML document “frame_b.htm” is put into the second column:

<frameset cols="25%,75%">
   <frame src="frame_a.htm">
   <frame src="frame_b.htm">
</frameset>

If a frame has visible borders, the user can resize it by dragging the border. To prevent a user from doing this, you can add noresize=”noresize” to the <frame> tag.

Add the <noframes> tag for browsers that do not support frames.

Important: You cannot use the <body></body> tags together with the <frameset></frameset> tags! However, if you add a <noframes> tag containing some text for browsers that do not support frames, you will have to enclose the text in <body></body> tags! See how it is done in the first example below.

Frame Tags

Tag	Description
<frameset>	Defines a set of frames
<frame>	Defines a sub window (a frame)
<noframes>	Defines a noframe section for browsers that do not handle frames
<iframe>	Defines an inline sub window (frame)

HTML Tables

Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). The letters td stands for “table data,” which is the content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text, images, lists, paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

How it looks in a browser:

row 1, cell 1

row 1, cell 2

Tables and the Border Attribute

If you do not specify a border attribute the table will be displayed without any borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, you want the borders to show.

To display a table with borders, you will have to use the border attribute:

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

Headings in a Table

Headings in a table are defined with the <th> tag.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Heading</th>
<th>Another Heading</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

How it looks in a browser:

Heading	Another Heading

Empty Cells in a Table

Table cells with no content are not displayed very well in most browsers.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>

How it looks in a browser:

row 1, cell 1

row 1, cell 2

Note that the borders around the empty table cell are missing (NB! Mozilla Firefox displays the border).

To avoid this, add a non-breaking space ( ) to empty data cells, to make the borders visible:

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</table>

How it looks in a browser:

row 1, cell 1

row 1, cell 2

Table Tags

Tag	Description
<table>	Defines a table
<th>	Defines a table header
<tr>	Defines a table row
<td>	Defines a table cell
<caption>	Defines a table caption
<colgroup>	Defines groups of table columns
<col>	Defines the attribute values for one or more columns in a table
<thead>	Defines a table head
<tbody>	Defines a table body
<tfoot>	Defines a table footer

HTML Lists

HTML supports ordered, unordered and definition lists

Unordered Lists

An unordered list is a list of items. The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

Here is how it looks in a browser:

Coffee
Milk

Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

Ordered Lists

An ordered list is also a list of items. The list items are marked with numbers.

An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>

Here is how it looks in a browser:

Coffee
Milk

Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

Definition Lists

A definition list is not a list of items. This is a list of terms and explanation of the terms.

A definition list starts with the <dl> tag. Each definition-list term starts with the <dt> tag. Each definition-list definition starts with the <dd> tag.

<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>Black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>White cold drink</dd>
</dl>

Here is how it looks in a browser:

Coffee: Black hot drink
Milk: White cold drink

Inside a definition-list definition (the <dd> tag) you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

List Tags

Tag	Description
<ol>	Defines an ordered list
<ul>	Defines an unordered list
<li>	Defines a list item
<dl>	Defines a definition list
<dt>	Defines a definition term
<dd>	Defines a definition description
<dir>	Deprecated. Use <ul> instead
<menu>	Deprecated. Use <ul> instead

HTML Forms and Input

Forms

A form is an area that can contain form elements.

Form elements are elements that allow the user to enter information (like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) in a form.

A form is defined with the <form> tag.

<form>
  <input>
  <input>
</form>

Input

The most used form tag is the <input> tag. The type of input is specified with the type attribute. The most commonly used input types are explained below.

Text Fields

Text fields are used when you want the user to type letters, numbers, etc. in a form.

<form>
First name:
<input type="text" name="firstname">
<br>
Last name:
<input type="text" name="lastname">
</form>

How it looks in a browser:

Note that the form itself is not visible. Also note that in most browsers, the width of the text field is 20 characters by default.

Radio Buttons

Radio Buttons are used when you want the user to select one of a limited number of choices.

<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male"> Male
<br>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female"> Female
</form>

How it looks in a browser:

Note that only one option can be chosen.

Checkboxes

Checkboxes are used when you want the user to select one or more options of a limited number of choices.

<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="bike">
I have a bike
<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="car">
I have a car
</form>

How it looks in a browser:

The Form’s Action Attribute and the Submit Button

When the user clicks on the “Submit” button, the content of the form is sent to another file. The form’s action attribute defines the name of the file to send the content to. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input.

<form name="input" action="html_form_action.html"
method="get">
Username:
<input type="text" name="user">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

How it looks in a browser:

If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the “Submit” button, you will send your input to a page called “html_form_action.html”. That page will show you the received input.

Form Tags

Tag	Description
<form>	Defines a form for user input
<input>	Defines an input field
<textarea>	Defines a text-area (a multi-line text input control)
<label>	Defines a label to a control
<fieldset>	Defines a fieldset
<legend>	Defines a caption for a fieldset
<select>	Defines a selectable list (a drop-down box)
<optgroup>	Defines an option group
<option>	Defines an option in the drop-down box
<button>	Defines a push button
<isindex>	Deprecated. Use <input> instead

HTML Images

The Image Tag and the Src Attribute

In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.

The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only and it has no closing tag.

To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for “source”. The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display on your page.

The syntax of defining an image:

<img src="url">

The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named “boat.gif” located in the directory “images” on “www.w3schools.com” has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif.

The browser puts the image where the image tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph.

The Alt Attribute

The alt attribute is used to define an “alternate text” for an image. The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:

<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat">

The “alt” attribute tells the reader what he or she is missing on a page if the browser can’t load images. The browser will then display the alternate text instead of the image. It is a good practice to include the “alt” attribute for each image on a page, to improve the display and usefulness of your document for people who have text-only browsers.

Useful Tips

If an HTML file contains ten images – eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading images take time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully.

Image Tags

Tag	Description
<img>	Defines an image
<map>	Defines an image map
<area>	Defines a clickable area inside an image map

HTML Color Values

Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light sources.

Color Values

HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal notation for the combination of Red, Green, and Blue color values (RGB). The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0 (hex #00). The highest value is 255 (hex #FF).

Turn Off the Red

If you turn off the Red light completely, there are 65536 different combination of Green and Blue (256 x 256) to experiment with.

Turn On the Red

By setting the Red parameter to its maximum value, there are still 65536 different combination of Green and Blue (256 x 256) to experiment with.

16 Million Different Colors

The combination of Red, Green and Blue values from 0 to 255 gives a total of more than 16 million different colors to play with (256 x 256 x 256).

Most modern monitors are capable of displaying at least 16384 different colors.

If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of varying the red light from 0 to 255, while keeping the green and blue light at zero.

To see a full list of 16384 different colors based on red light varying from 0 to 255, click on one of the hexadecimal or rgb values below.

Red Light	HEX	RGB
	#000000	rgb(0,0,0)
	#080000	rgb(8,0,0)
	#100000	rgb(16,0,0)
	#180000	rgb(24,0,0)
	#200000	rgb(32,0,0)
	#280000	rgb(40,0,0)
	#300000	rgb(48,0,0)
	#380000	rgb(56,0,0)
	#400000	rgb(64,0,0)
	#480000	rgb(72,0,0)
	#500000	rgb(80,0,0)
	#580000	rgb(88,0,0)
	#600000	rgb(96,0,0)
	#680000	rgb(104,0,0)
	#700000	rgb(112,0,0)
	#780000	rgb(120,0,0)
	#800000	rgb(128,0,0)
	#880000	rgb(136,0,0)
	#900000	rgb(144,0,0)
	#980000	rgb(152,0,0)
	#A00000	rgb(160,0,0)
	#A80000	rgb(168,0,0)
	#B00000	rgb(176,0,0)
	#B80000	rgb(184,0,0)
	#C00000	rgb(192,0,0)
	#C80000	rgb(200,0,0)
	#D00000	rgb(208,0,0)
	#D80000	rgb(216,0,0)
	#E00000	rgb(224,0,0)
	#E80000	rgb(232,0,0)
	#F00000	rgb(240,0,0)
	#F80000	rgb(248,0,0)
	#FF0000	rgb(255,0,0)

Shades of Gray

Gray colors are displayed using an equal amount of power to all of the light sources. To make it easier for you to select the right gray color we have compiled a table of gray shades for you:

	RGB(0,0,0)	#000000
	RGB(8,8,8)	#080808
	RGB(16,16,16)	#101010
	RGB(24,24,24)	#181818
	RGB(32,32,32)	#202020
	RGB(40,40,40)	#282828
	RGB(48,48,48)	#303030
	RGB(56,56,56)	#383838
	RGB(64,64,64)	#404040
	RGB(72,72,72)	#484848
	RGB(80,80,80)	#505050
	RGB(88,88,88)	#585858
	RGB(96,96,96)	#606060
	RGB(104,104,104)	#686868
	RGB(112,112,112)	#707070
	RGB(120,120,120)	#787878
	RGB(128,128,128)	#808080
	RGB(136,136,136)	#888888
	RGB(144,144,144)	#909090
	RGB(152,152,152)	#989898
	RGB(160,160,160)	#A0A0A0
	RGB(168,168,168)	#A8A8A8
	RGB(176,176,176)	#B0B0B0
	RGB(184,184,184)	#B8B8B8
	RGB(192,192,192)	#C0C0C0
	RGB(200,200,200)	#C8C8C8
	RGB(208,208,208)	#D0D0D0
	RGB(216,216,216)	#D8D8D8
	RGB(224,224,224)	#E0E0E0
	RGB(232,232,232)	#E8E8E8
	RGB(240,240,240)	#F0F0F0
	RGB(248,248,248)	#F8F8F8
	RGB(255,255,255)	#FFFFFF

HTML Color Names

On this page you will find a table of color names that are supported by most browsers.

Note: Only 16 color names are supported by the W3C HTML 4.0 standard (aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow). For all other colors you should use the Color HEX value.

Click on a color name, or a hex value, to see that color as the background color along with different text colors.

Color Name	Color HEX	Color
AliceBlue	#F0F8FF
AntiqueWhite	#FAEBD7
Aqua	#00FFFF
Aquamarine	#7FFFD4
Azure	#F0FFFF
Beige	#F5F5DC
Bisque	#FFE4C4
Black	#000000
BlanchedAlmond	#FFEBCD
Blue	#0000FF
BlueViolet	#8A2BE2
Brown	#A52A2A
BurlyWood	#DEB887
CadetBlue	#5F9EA0
Chartreuse	#7FFF00
Chocolate	#D2691E
Coral	#FF7F50
CornflowerBlue	#6495ED
Cornsilk	#FFF8DC
Crimson	#DC143C
Cyan	#00FFFF
DarkBlue	#00008B
DarkCyan	#008B8B
DarkGoldenRod	#B8860B
DarkGray	#A9A9A9
DarkGreen	#006400
DarkKhaki	#BDB76B
DarkMagenta	#8B008B
DarkOliveGreen	#556B2F
Darkorange	#FF8C00
DarkOrchid	#9932CC
DarkRed	#8B0000
DarkSalmon	#E9967A
DarkSeaGreen	#8FBC8F
DarkSlateBlue	#483D8B
DarkSlateGray	#2F4F4F
DarkTurquoise	#00CED1
DarkViolet	#9400D3
DeepPink	#FF1493
DeepSkyBlue	#00BFFF
DimGray	#696969
DodgerBlue	#1E90FF
Feldspar	#D19275
FireBrick	#B22222
FloralWhite	#FFFAF0
ForestGreen	#228B22
Fuchsia	#FF00FF
Gainsboro	#DCDCDC
GhostWhite	#F8F8FF
Gold	#FFD700
GoldenRod	#DAA520
Gray	#808080
Green	#008000
GreenYellow	#ADFF2F
HoneyDew	#F0FFF0
HotPink	#FF69B4
IndianRed	#CD5C5C
Indigo	#4B0082
Ivory	#FFFFF0
Khaki	#F0E68C
Lavender	#E6E6FA
LavenderBlush	#FFF0F5
LawnGreen	#7CFC00
LemonChiffon	#FFFACD
LightBlue	#ADD8E6
LightCoral	#F08080
LightCyan	#E0FFFF
LightGoldenRodYellow	#FAFAD2
LightGrey	#D3D3D3
LightGreen	#90EE90
LightPink	#FFB6C1
LightSalmon	#FFA07A
LightSeaGreen	#20B2AA
LightSkyBlue	#87CEFA
LightSlateBlue	#8470FF
LightSlateGray	#778899
LightSteelBlue	#B0C4DE
LightYellow	#FFFFE0
Lime	#00FF00
LimeGreen	#32CD32
Linen	#FAF0E6
Magenta	#FF00FF
Maroon	#800000
MediumAquaMarine	#66CDAA
MediumBlue	#0000CD
MediumOrchid	#BA55D3
MediumPurple	#9370D8
MediumSeaGreen	#3CB371
MediumSlateBlue	#7B68EE
MediumSpringGreen	#00FA9A
MediumTurquoise	#48D1CC
MediumVioletRed	#C71585
MidnightBlue	#191970
MintCream	#F5FFFA
MistyRose	#FFE4E1
Moccasin	#FFE4B5
NavajoWhite	#FFDEAD
Navy	#000080
OldLace	#FDF5E6
Olive	#808000
OliveDrab	#6B8E23
Orange	#FFA500
OrangeRed	#FF4500
Orchid	#DA70D6
PaleGoldenRod	#EEE8AA
PaleGreen	#98FB98
PaleTurquoise	#AFEEEE
PaleVioletRed	#D87093
PapayaWhip	#FFEFD5
PeachPuff	#FFDAB9
Peru	#CD853F
Pink	#FFC0CB
Plum	#DDA0DD
PowderBlue	#B0E0E6
Purple	#800080
Red	#FF0000
RosyBrown	#BC8F8F
RoyalBlue	#4169E1
SaddleBrown	#8B4513
Salmon	#FA8072
SandyBrown	#F4A460
SeaGreen	#2E8B57
SeaShell	#FFF5EE
Sienna	#A0522D
Silver	#C0C0C0
SkyBlue	#87CEEB
SlateBlue	#6A5ACD
SlateGray	#708090
Snow	#FFFAFA
SpringGreen	#00FF7F
SteelBlue	#4682B4
Tan	#D2B48C
Teal	#008080
Thistle	#D8BFD8
Tomato	#FF6347
Turquoise	#40E0D0
Violet	#EE82EE
VioletRed	#D02090
Wheat	#F5DEB3
White	#FFFFFF
WhiteSmoke	#F5F5F5
Yellow	#FFFF00
YellowGreen	#9ACD32

Well!!!! This is not all in HTML…..

FOR MORE ON HTML, PLEASE DO MAIL ME. I WILL SEND YOU THE TUTORIALS…. Mail me at vigneshvgk@gmail.com

]]> http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com/2007/05/19/learn-html-basics-here/feed/ 0 vigneshvgk HACKING LESSONS http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com/2007/05/18/hacking-lessons/ http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com/2007/05/18/hacking-lessons/#comments Fri, 18 May 2007 17:05:18 +0000 vigneshvgk http://vigneshvgk.wordpress.com/2007/05/18/hacking-lessons/ ]]> TRUTH BEHIND EMAIL PASSWORD HACKING (Lesson 1)

The basic reason behind writing this article is to make a new comer in this field aware of certain facts and lies.The very favourite question of every novice – “How can I hack password of Yahoo, Hotmail, Gmail, etc” or should I say that this is the question why most people choose hacking as a hobby? What’s a general perception about email password hacking? I have a username now I want to hack his/her password. What I need is a software in which I feed / input the username and the software will take care of the rest (i.e. checking different permutation and combination of passwords – BRUTE FORCE ATTACK) and give me the right password as an output. Great!!!!!!!! Such software exists in an IDEAL world, not REAL.Dear Friends, have you ever gave this fact a thought that when you enter a wrong password three consecutive times you are asked to input the letters shown in a picture, and if you again input the wrong password a certain number of times then the account is closed temporarily for about half hour.So forget about the software which can check for different permutations and combinations because it has to perform certain extra steps mentioned in the above paragraph, which are very hard (almost impossible) to implement.So does it mean that it’s impossible to crack an email account password?Well I’d say impossible is an inappropriate word in the above statement, because in hacking nothing is impossible because nothing is perfect.
TRUTHEvery time a software is created, the beta version is launched first to check the flaws in it (In Hacking These Flaws Are Called DOORS). Those which are discovered are closed, but most of the times some doors are left open intentionally or by mistake. So a hacker’s job is to find out these doors and exploit it to solve his purpose.E.g.: Years ago one open door was found by a hacker in hotmail. Process: You write a java script (hardly a 2 – 3 line code) in the message field and send it to your target. When your target opens the message the java script is executed and a page is displayed on the targets computer saying “you have been logged out of hotmail please re enter your password and username” (a proxy site) once your target enters the required information it is sent back to you. Pretty Simple!!!!!!!!!But this method became so popular that hotmail got hold of it and the door was closed.Another popular method these days is of a Trojan which is used to hack the password of yahoo messenger. The process is quite similar to above. You install a software on your system known as Magic PS 1.5. This software sends the same message to your target (while you are chatting to him / her) that you have been logged out kindly re-enter your username and password. Once your target enters the required information it is sent back to you. Simple Again!!!!!!!!!So are these the only available ways through which you can hack somebody’s password?Nobody can guarantee that some other ways do not exist but ITS CERTAINLY NOT A BRUTE FORCE ATTACK.Important: If somebody says that he knows a way to hack an email password…….please do not send your email address to him/her.

HACKING INTO COMPUTER SYSTEM ON LAN (Lesson 2)

For Cracker –
In this topic we will se that how we can get access to different user accounts on Local Area Network running Windows 98 / Windows XP.
Here we will discuss the simplest method to crack password i.e. the software way.

You need to have the following software’s – 1). Caine & Abel for Windows 98
2). LC5 for Windows XPHow to use these software’s?SCENARIO – A LAN in which every system (not necessarily) is running on Windows 98.Now in order to use the LAN features every user must have a Login Username and Password.Whenever a user creates an account or enters his username and password (for login purpose) the value is stored or compared from a “PWL” file respectively. This file is saved in c:\windows directory and is easily accessible to every user on the LAN. E.g.: I am a user and my login name is “crack”, so the format or name of the pwl file will be “crack.pwl”. So all you need to do is copy this pwl file on a floppy, cd, pen drive, or any other medium you desire. Now open this pwl file in Caine & Abel and run the attack (dictionary or brute force). Depending upon the password length the software will take its time to break the code.Never run this software on a slow machine as it would take weeks to crack a single password. In Windows XP the case is little bit difficult. The password is stored in SAM file. There are three copies of SAM file in XP – One in Windows\system32\config, another in Windows\repair and the last one is stored in windows registry. You will not be able to see or copy these files or values while Windows is running. So Boot your system using a bootable disk i.e. in dos mode and copy the file.

Once you have the SAM file open it in LC5 and it will take care of the rest.Another possible way is – Just install LC5 on the target system and it will tell u all the usernames and password stored in that particular system. But it’s not feasible because LC5 can also take days to crack a single password (depending upon the password length).FOR USER –In order to safe guard your account all you need to do is just set a lengthy password containing alphabets, numbers and one special character i.e. @#%^*&(*(). And kindly change your password on a periodic basis.

HACKING LESSON 3

Creating / Generating Software Keys / Serial NumbersThe main aim of this chapter is to clear some basic concepts of using Disassembler i.e. how a cracker generates the registration key or Serial number of a software.Below is the C program which perform the following function –1).Prompt for a password2).Display the comparison. 3).Matches the password character by character.

#include stdio.h
#include string.h
#define PASSWORD_SIZE 100
#define PASSWORD “password\n”int main ()
int count=0;
char buff [PASSWORD_SIZE];
for (;;)
printf (“Enter password:”);
fgets (&buff [0], PASSWORD_SIZE,stdin);
if (strcmp (&buff [0], PASSWORD))
printf (“Wrong password\n”);
else break;
if (++count>3) return -1;
}
printf (“Password OK\n”);
}Important: This code is not written by me so i cannot guarantee whether it’ll work or not.

HACKING LESSON 4

In the last chapter we saw that how a protection mechanism is created, which was demonstrated using a very simple c program which ask user to input a password and if the password matches the correct value it displays a message “Password OK”.Now we will see how to crack that password.

Note: This chapter only covers the basic i.e. how these things are done; we do not guarantee that it will work on every program. However, the process remains the same.What we are trying to do here is called Reverse Engineering. Though we cannot generate the source code from the executable file but we can have an idea what the source code looks like. There are lots of software’s available which can generate the binary code and assembly instructions from the executable file. Therefore, if the reference password is stored in the program itself (like the one which we created) and is not converted to some other form then it can easily be tracked just by looking at the binary code of the file.SOFTWARE’S1). A HEX EDITOR: A hex editor is a computer program that allows a user to edit compiled programs and binary data-files. Hex editors most often present data in hexadecimal format, because it is easier and also because computers tend to work with 8-bit bytes of information. In short, these programs are able to edit the executable files. 2). A DISASSEMBLER: This program can convert the executable file into assembly language. In Short, these programs can help you understand that how a program is working which is necessary to change the way it is working. E.g. if the program will run only after providing the correct password, then by using a Disassembler its function can be changed to accept every password as the correct password. In order to work with a Disassembler a person needs to have a good understanding of all the assembly language instructions such as JMP, PUSH, POP, etc.Try Hacking Test 4 in order to know how these software’s are used.

HACKING LESSON 5

PASSWORD CRACKING USING RAINBOW TABLEIn order to work with rainbow tables and rainbow crack we must first understand the following keywords-1). LOOKUP TABLE – A lookup table is usually an array which is used to replace a runtime operation (in our case – a real time password cracking) with a simpler LOOKUP operation. This way we can achieve great speed at the cost of memory.The idea is to pre-calculate hashes of all possible passwords and store them in a table in the memory. These tables are called Rainbow Tables. The pre computation of hashes takes a long time, but once it is done, this type of password cracking is hundreds of time faster than the traditional Brute Force Attack.2). SPACE – MEMORY TRADE OFF – It is a situation where the memory use can be reduced at the cost of slower program execution, or vice versa, the computation time can be reduced at the cost of increased memory useA Classic Example – A space-time tradeoff can be applied to the simple problem of data storage. If data is stored uncompressed, it takes more space but less time than if the data were stored compressed (since compressing the data reduces the amount of space it takes, but it takes time to run the compression algorithm). Depending on the particular instance of the problem, either way is practical.How to generate a Rainbow Table?Search for a program called rainbow crack.Warning: Rainbow tables are very large, can take GB’s of system space.Definition of Rainbow Crack – Rainbow Crack tool is a hash cracker. A traditional brute force cracker tries all possible plaintexts one by one in cracking time. It is time consuming to break complex password in this way. The idea of time-memory trade-off is to do all cracking time computation in advance and store the result in files so called “rainbow table”.

HACKING TEST 5

Since most of the people didn’t get what we were trying to do in Hacking Test 4….here is another variant of it….

The process remains the same however the test file and software changes…….

Download the file test5 from following address….

http://www.esnips.com/doc/b7c7760f-8050-4db2-8b35-d4abbc7a5bb2/Test5

Change the file extension to .exe

Open it – you’ll see something like this “Evaluation period out of date, purchase new version“

Next – Download “OllyDbg version 1.10″

Read about software functions using inbuilt help menu……
Also read the following topic “Basics of Assembler” posted on the blog……..

What is the test?

You have to edit the program using disassembler. After successful editing (cracking) the output of the program changes to “you really did it!! congratz!!”

HACKING TEST 4

All u need to do is just download the file TEST from -

http://www.esnips.com/doc/72e0692a-e3ea-465e-91bc-113fc8f82adb/Test

After downloading, rename it as test.exe

What is the Test?

Tell us the password of the file. Also, you have to tell the procedure i.e. how did you break it?

Send the solution to – vigneshvgk@gmail.com

Hint: Read Lesson 9 & 10.
Software Required : A Hex Editor.

Best Of luck!!!!!!!

Those who are interested in further reading can contact the blog for material…….

HACKING TEST 3

This one is pretty simple………………

All you need to do is just read LESSON 8 and tell me the procedure by which you can copy the main SAM file from c:\windows\system32\config folder…….

Just write down the procedure and send it to hackinme@gmail.com

Whoever will tell the procedure will move to the next level of the test…..

BEST OF LUCK!!!

HACKING TEST 2

Check your skills on Chapter Five & Six———

Make sure you perform every step with caution; a single mistake can crash your system. Steps:You have to download a file named “gatekeeper.rar” from the following site-http://www.esnips.com/doc/331bd453-a377-4154-82ae-f8c5313e0074/gatekeeperIt’s a .rar file so first extract it……….you will see a file gatekeeper.exe in the folder, when you click on it, it will ask whether you accept the terms and condition……once you accept the terms and condition it will ask you to enter a password (two times).Y

ou have to enter the following password – hackingOnce the password is entered, the software is ready to use……now you can lock any folder in your system………………….DONT DO IT……since this software was made years ago so it will not work on Windows XP (will only work on windows 98 and earlier version).
What is the test?Now you have to search the registry for this software, find it and recover the password in binary form (as this is the form in which it is stored in the registry). Once you have the password you have to send it to vigneshvgk@gmail.com

Reward

: Whoever will crack the password without any further clue will get a cool software.HACKING TEST 1 Test your skills on LESSON 1.……

For all those who have read lesson 1….here’s a simple way to check how much they understood.

Process-

1).You have to download an excel file (Named – Test) from the following site-

http://www.esnips.com/doc/18dd13cd-8d4e-48e9-b7e6-4b1d15105601/TEST

2).The file is password protected and to make it a little bit difficult i have set an alphanumeric password.

3).What is required?

-You have to find an excel file password cracker on the net.
-Crack the password.
-Send it to vigneshvgk@gmail.com

4).Since it would be difficult for a new learner to find the full version of the software, i have set the password length which can be cracked by a demo version of any password cracker.

REWARD-

Who ever will crack the password will get to learn the way to crack any length password of any type.

Your time starts now………………..

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